<B>carbohydrase, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> any one of a number of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. </DL>
<A NAME="carbohydrate">
<B>carbohydrate, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a substance made from carbon dioxide and water by green plants in sunlight. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar and starch are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates comprise a major class of foods for animals. </DL>
<A NAME="carbolate">
<B>carbolate, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a salt of carbolic acid. </DL>
<B>carbolfuchsin, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a solution of fuchsin used in staining specimens for microscopic study, in which the staining power of the dye has been enforced by the addition of carbolic acid. </DL>
<A NAME="carbolic">
<B>carbolic, </B>adjective.<DL COMPACT><DD> made from carbon or coal tar. </DL>
<A NAME="carbolicacid">
<B>carbolic acid,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a very poisonous, corrosive, white, crystalline substance obtained from coal tar, used in solution as a disinfectant and antiseptic; phenol. </DL>
<A NAME="carbolize">
<B>carbolize, </B>transitive verb, <B>-lized,</B> <B>-lizing.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> to add carbolic acid to; treat with carbolic acid. </DL>
<A NAME="carboloy">
<B>Carboloy, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> (Trademark.) an extremely hard alloy containing tungsten, carbon, and cobalt, used in the making of cutting tools. </DL>
<A NAME="carbomycin">
<B>carbomycin, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria or by organisms which have developed resistance to other antibiotics; Magnamycin. </DL>
<A NAME="carbon">
<B>carbon, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a very common chemical element which occurs in combination with other elements in all plants and animals. Diamonds and graphite are pure carbon in the form of crystals; coal and charcoal are mostly carbon in uncrystallized form. Carbon is nonmetallic, forms organic compounds in combination with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and the like, and is manufactured especially as coke or lampblack. Its outstanding characteristic is the ability of its atoms to link with one another in rings or chains, thus giving rise to innumerable complex compounds. <DD><B> 2. </B>a piece of carbon such as is used in batteries or arc lamps. <DD><B> 3. </B>a piece of carbon paper. <BR> <I>Ex. The typist put a carbon between the sheets of paper to make two copies of the letter.</I> <DD><B> 4. </B>a copy made with carbon paper; carbon copy. <BR> <I>Ex. The secretary kept a carbon of each letter she typed.</I> adj. <B>carbonless.</B> </DL>
<A NAME="carbon12">
<B>carbon 12,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> the most common isotope of carbon, now used as the standard for measuring atomic weights. </DL>
<A NAME="carbon13">
<B>carbon 13,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a stable, heavy isotope of carbon, having a mass number of 13, used as a tracer in physiological studies, especially in cancer research. </DL>
<A NAME="carbon14">
<B>carbon 14,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a radioactive isotope of carbon produced by the bombardment of nitrogen atoms by neutrons; radiocarbon. Since carbon 14 gives off radioactivity at a uniform rate in all animals and plants that have died, scientists are able to find out the age of many ancient remains of living things, or of geological formations in which organic matter occurs, by measuring the amount of carbon 14 left in them. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonaceous">
<B>carbonaceous, </B>adjective.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>of or like carbon; containing carbon. <BR> <I>Ex. a carbonaceous compound, carbonaceous shale.</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>like or containing coal, charcoal, or other common forms of carbon. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonado">
<B>carbonado</B> (1), noun, pl. <B>-does.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> an opaque, dark-colored, massive form of diamond, found chiefly in Brazil and used for drills; black diamond. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonado">
<B>carbonado</B> (2), noun, pl. <B>-does</B> or <B>-dos,</B> verb, <B>-doed,</B> <B>-doing.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><I>noun </I> (Obsolete.) a piece of meat, fish, or poultry scored and then broiled. <DD><I>v.t. </I> <B>1. </B>(Archaic.) to score and broil. <DD><B> 2. </B>to cut; slash; hack. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonarc">
<B>carbon arc,</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a lamp whose light source is an electric are spanning two carbon electrodes. <DD><B> 2. </B>an arc with a carbon electrode on one or both sides. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonari">
<B>Carbonari, </B>noun pl., sing. <B>-ro.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> an Italian secret society organized early in the 1800's for the purpose of liberating Italy from Austrian domination and forming a republic. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonate">
<B>carbonate, </B>noun, verb, <B>-ated,</B> <B>-ating.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><I>noun </I> a salt or ester of carbonic acid. <DD><I>v.t. </I> <B>1a. </B>to charge or saturate with carbon dioxide. Soda water is carbonated to make it bubble and fizz. (SYN) aerate. <DD><B> b. </B>to change into a carbonate. <DD><B> 2. </B>to burn to carbon; char; carbonize. noun <B>carbonation.</B> </DL>
<A NAME="carbonatite">
<B>carbonatite, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> an intrusive rock that is rich in carbonate, resembling limestone and granite in chemical composition. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonbisulfide">
<B>carbon bisulfide,</B> =carbon disulfide.</DL>
<A NAME="carbonblack">
<B>carbon black,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a smooth, black pigment of pure carbon, formed by deposits, especially from incomplete burning of natural gas and oil, and used in the manufacture of rubber and printing inks. It is a black soot, finer and purer than lampblack. <BR> <I>Ex. Seventy million pounds of carbon black are used in printing newspapers, magazines and books (Science News Letter).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="carboncopy">
<B>carbon copy,</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a copy made with carbon paper. <DD><B> 2. </B>(Figurative.) any person or thing that appears to duplicate another; replica. <BR> <I>Ex. He is a carbon copy of his father. They lined up the party behind a program that was virtually a carbon copy of the Christian Democratic platform (Harper's).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="carboncycle">
<B>carbon cycle,</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>(Biology.) the circulation of carbon in nature. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it to carbohydrates by photosynthesis; animals eat the plants and release the energy from the carbohydrates by exhaling carbon dioxide, which in turn is taken in by plants. <DD><B> 2. </B>(Physics.) the series of nuclear transformations in incandescent stars that, beginning and ending with a carbon 12 atom, liberate atomic energy and transform hydrogen into helium. <BR> <I>Ex. [He] discovered the series of nuclear reactions known as the carbon cycle and thereby offered the first reasonable theory of what makes the stars shine (Scientific American).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="carbondate">
<B>carbon-date, </B>transitive verb, <B>-dated,</B> <B>-dating.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> to determine the age of (a specimen) by carbon dating. <BR> <I>Ex. The tools themselves, being stone, could not be carbon-dated (Science News).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="carbondating">
<B>carbon dating,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a method of determining the age of an organic, geological, or archaeological specimen by measuring the amount of carbon 14 left in them; radiocarbon dating. <BR> <I>Ex. By carbon 14 dating, they determined that the city was first settled about 800 B.C. (Time).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="carbondioxide">
<B>carbon dioxide,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a heavy, colorless, odorless gas, present in the atmosphere or formed when any fuel containing carbon is burned; carbonic-acid gas. The air that is breathed out of an animal's lungs contains carbon dioxide. Plants absorb it from the air and use it to make plant tissue. Carbon dioxide is used in soda water and in fire extinguishers. </DL>
<A NAME="carbondioxidesnow">
<B>carbon-dioxide snow,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> solidified carbon dioxide, used as a refrigerant; dry ice. </DL>
<A NAME="carbondisulfide">
<B>carbon disulfide,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a colorless liquid, used as a solvent for resins, rubber, and the like, and as an insecticide; carbon bisulfide. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonfiber">
<B>carbon fiber,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a strong, light synthetic fiber used in plastics, made by carbonizing acrylic fiber. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonic">
<B>carbonic, </B>adjective.<DL COMPACT><DD> of or containing carbon. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonicacid">
<B>carbonic acid,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> an acid made when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water. It gives the sharp taste to soda water and occurs in the form of salts, the carbonates. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonicacidgas">
carbonic-acid gas, =carbon dioxide.</DL>
<A NAME="carbonicanhydrase">
<B>carbonic anhydrase,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> an enzyme, present in the human body, which catalyzes the reaction between water and carbon dioxide. </DL>
<A NAME="carboniferous">
<B>carboniferous, </B>adjective.<DL COMPACT><DD> containing or producing carbon or coal. <BR> <I>Ex. ... the caves of Virginia and Kentucky in the older carboniferous limestone support a rich and diverse fauna of animals (R. S. Hawes).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="carboniferous">
<B>Carboniferous, </B>noun, adjective.<DL COMPACT><DD><I>noun </I> <B>1. </B>the geological period of the Paleozoic era including the Pennsylvanian and Mississippian periods. During the Carboniferous, the warm, moist climate produced great forests of tree ferns, horsetail rushes, and conifers, whose remains form the great coal beds. <DD><B> 2. </B>the rocks and coal beds formed during this period. <DD><I>adj. </I> of or having to do with this period or its rocks. <BR> <I>Ex. In the history of the earth, the Carboniferous period was one of the best for the growth of green plants (Fred W. Emerson).</I> </DL>
<B>carbonite, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> an explosive used in blasting, containing nitroglycerin and various other substances, such as powdered wood and sodium nitrate. </DL>
<A NAME="carboniumion">
<B>carbonium ion,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> an organic cation occurring as an intermediate in many reactions. </DL>
<A NAME="carbonize">
<B>carbonize, </B>transitive verb, <B>-ized,</B> <B>-izing.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>to change into carbon by burning; char. <BR> <I>Ex. Pakistan's coal, because of its high content of volatile matter and non-coking properties, is to be carbonized in a low temperature carbonization plant (London Times).</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>to cover or combine with carbon. adj. <B>carbonizable.</B> noun <B>carbonization.</B> noun <B>carbonizer.</B> </DL>
